So, since I've never had a problem with actual ping or lag when playing online (only having the speed problems when downloading), I simply turn off the proxy after a large download has completed and reconfigure my PS4's internet connection back to my router. It's worth noting that, for as long as your PSN internet connection is set up like this, it can only connect to the internet via your proxy. Downloading Mass Effect: Andromeda's 1.9 GB day-one update went from three hours to three minutes after the fix. My PSN download speeds now reflect what I'm paying my ISP to provide. After literal years of intermittent Googling and tinkering with my router and internet settings, this solution actually worked. (When I set this up using CCProxy, the port was listed as '8080,' but you can try '808' if that doesn't work) Select auto for everything except the proxy Use the custom setup instead of the easy setup.
In CCProxy, you can just hit the Options menu to get this info
CCProxy is simple and has a free version for Windows computers.